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Type in full indented, single spaced, with hanging at 1.27 cm, font size 10 dpi.
References in Articles
Aksnes Α., Izquierdo Μ.S., Robaina L., Vergara J.M., Montero D. (1997). Influence of fish meal quality and feed pellet on growth, feed efficiency and muscle composition in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture 153, 251-261.
Book
Granéli E., Turner J.T. (2006). Ecology of harmful algae. Springer, Berlin, pp. 400.
Book Chapter
Bell J.G., Waagbo R. (2008). Safe and nutritious aquaculture produce: Benefits and risks of alternative sustainable aquafeeds. In: “Aquaculture in the ecosystem”, Holmer K., Black M., Duarte C.M., Marba N., Karakassis I. (eds). Springer Science and Business Media B.Y., p. 185-224.
Conference Proceedings:
Afonso L.O.B., Barcellos L.J.G., Leboute E.M., Souza S.M.G. (1994). Sex reversal of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, under laboratory conditions, using the hormone 17-alfa-methyltestosterone. Proceedings of the 4th Rio Grande Meeting of Aquaculture Experts, Anais Do, vol. 4 (1994), pp. 104–108.
Electronic reference:
FAO (2014). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme, Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758). http://www.fao.org/fishery/ culturedspecies/Sparus_aurata/en (Πρόσβαση: 27-1-2014).
SAMPLE
EFFECTS OF BLUE LIGHT ON EUROPEAN SEA BASS, Dicentrarchus labrax, ACUTE STRESS RESPONSE: CORTISOL AND BRAIN NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Karakatsouli N.1*, Katsakoulis P.1, Leondaritis G.2, Sakellaridis N.2, Kalogiannis D.3, Chadio S.3, Papoutsoglou S.Ε.1
1 Laboratory of Applied Hydrobiology, Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855, Athens, Greece
2 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larisa, 41110, Greece
3 Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855, Athens, Greece
Abstract
Fish growth and physiology may be affected by light spectrum, which can be easily controlled with relatively little cost. Recent data suggest that light spectrum also affects fish response to acute stressors. …..
Key words: Dicentrarchus labrax, stress, light spectrum.
*Corresponding author: Karakatsouli Nafsika ( This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. )
1. Introduction
The ever increasing number of publications (Volpato & Barreto 2001; Karakatsouli et al. 2007) referring to the influence of…
2. Materials and Methods
In total 80 specimens were used ……
3. Results
The application of acute stress resulted in plasma cortisol increases (Table 1)….
Table 1. Mean levels of plasma cortizol after acute stress in European sea bass.
Control (C) |
Stress (S) |
Two-way ANOVA |
||||||
Blue light |
White light |
Blue light |
White light |
Τ.Σ.2 |
Stress (S) |
Light (L) |
S xΦ |
|
cortizol (ng/ml) |
7.9 a |
5.5 a |
221.1 c |
156.3 b |
13.1 |
Μ<S*** |
Κ>Λ** |
** |
5-HT (ng/g) |
244.8 ab |
267.3 b |
224.3 a |
321.3 c |
8.3 |
ns |
Κ<Λ** |
* |
5-HIAA (ng/g) |
52.4 a |
55.5 a |
61.0 a |
96.5 b |
3.5 |
Μ<S** |
Κ<Λ** |
** |
5-HIAA:5-HT |
0.214 a |
0.208 a |
0.282 b |
0.309 c |
0.0 |
Μ<S*** |
ns |
* |
HVA (ng/g) |
18.4 |
21.1 |
12.5 |
24.5 |
1.4 |
ns |
Κ<Λ** |
ns |
DOPAC:DA |
0.197 |
0.183 |
0.250 |
0.228 |
0.011 |
Μ<S* |
ns |
ns |
HVA:DA |
0.242 |
0.306 |
0.174 |
0.287 |
0.020 |
ns |
Κ<Λ* |
ns |
(DOPAC+HVA):DA |
0.466 |
0.484 |
0.398 |
0.530 |
0.020 |
ns |
Κ<Λ* |
ns |
* P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001.
4. Discussion
Stress in European sea bass.….
Figure 1. Female/male ratio and mean monthly carapace length (CL) of female N. norvegicus from Pagasitikos gulf during an annual cycle.
Acknowledgements
The authors express their thanks….
References
Barcellos L.J.G., Ritter F., Kreutz L.C., da Silva L.B., Cericato L., Quevedo R.M. (2006). Thecolorofilluminationaffectsthestressresponseofjundiá (Rhamdiaquelen, Quoy & Gaimard, Heptapteridae). Ciencia Rural 36, 1249-1252.
Downing G. (2002). Impact of spectral composition on larval haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus L., growth and survival. Aquaculture Research 33, 251-259.
Volpato G.L., Barreto R.E. (2001) Environmental blue light prevents stress in the Nile tilapia. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 34, 1041-1045.
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